Use a handheld pinpointer to locate targets more precisely.
A handheld pinpointer is an invaluable tool for any metal detectorist. This device helps you locate targets more precisely once you’ve dug a hole, saving you time and effort. Here’s why using a pinpointer is beneficial and how to make the most of it.
Why Bringing a Pinpointer Matters
*Increased Efficiency: A pinpointer significantly speeds up the recovery process by pinpointing the exact location of the target within the hole. This reduces the amount of digging required and helps you retrieve targets faster. So you get more finds per detecting session.
*Reduced Damage to Targets: By accurately identifying the target’s location, you minimize the risk of damaging valuable finds with your digging tool. This is especially important for fragile or historically significant items.
*Ease of Use: Pinpointers are lightweight and easy to handle. They are designed to be simple to operate, making them accessible even for beginners.
*Improved Accuracy: A pinpointer’s ability to precisely locate small targets in a small area ensures you don’t miss out on any potential finds that your main detector may have identified.
How to Use a Pinpointer Effectively
*Choose the Right Pinpointer: Select a pinpointer that suits your needs. Look for features like waterproof capabilities if you plan to search near water, adjustable sensitivity settings for different environments, and a sturdy build for durability. Probes with a limited range, perhaps no more than an inch on a coin-sized object, have been around for a long time but a few years back Garrett brought out the Pro-Pointer which has a greater range and a larger price tag but is so much better at pinpointing than the old style probes. I bought a Garrett Pro-pointer when they were first available in the UK and had 10 years of reliable service out of it but recently it started sounding-off (falsing) for no apparent reason, even with a new battery, which made me think it had come to the end of its working life. I had a look around to see what was available and it seems almost every metal detector manufacturer now makes these probes in many colors. But the cost of some of them is bordering on the ridiculous – you could easily buy a good, brand new, entry level metal detector for the price! There are quite a few tests on YouTube and one thing that struck me was that the Chinese had got in on the act and they have a probe available at less than a third of the cost of most major brands, which includes holster, lanyard and shipping! The model in question is called a SUNPOW IP68 https://www.truetreasurebooks.net/product/metal-detector-pinpointer and it tested quite well on YouTube so I thought I would give it a try. It is almost identical to the original Garrett. I have been using the probe for over two-years now and found it a great tool for the money.
*Understand the Basics: Familiarize yourself with the pinpointer’s basic functions. Most pinpointers have a power button, sensitivity adjustment, and audio or vibration alerts to indicate the presence of a target.
*Initial Setup: Before you start, test the pinpointer by waving it over a known metal object to confirm it’s working correctly. Carry a spare battery.
*Using the Pinpointer in the Field:
—Locate the General Area: Use your main metal detector to identify a potential target and mark the spot.
—In sensitive areas, recent losses and hard ground it is a good idea to check the surface of the ground for shallow targets. If you get a signal you will know exactly where the target is and it will be easier and neater to dig up.
—Start Digging: Carefully dig a small hole around the marked spot, being mindful of the target’s possible depth.
—Activate the Pinpointer: Turn on your pinpointer and insert it into the hole. Move it slowly around the area to detect the target.
—Listen for Alerts: Pay attention to the audio or vibration alerts. The frequency and intensity of these alerts usually increase as you get closer to the target.
—Pinpoint the Target: Once the pinpointer gives a strong signal, use it to narrow down the exact location of the target within the hole or surrounding soil.
*Retrieve the Target: With the target precisely located, carefully extract it using a digging tool. Use the pinpointer again to check the extracted soil or the hole to ensure you’ve retrieved the target.
Additional Tips for Using a Pinpointer
*Maintain Your Pinpointer: Regularly clean your pinpointer to remove dirt and debris. Check for any signs of wear and tear, and replace batteries as needed to ensure optimal performance.
*Use a Holster: Many pinpointers come with a holster that can be attached to your belt or detecting bag. This keeps the pinpointer easily accessible and prevents loss or damage.
*Practice Makes Perfect: Spend time practicing with your pinpointer to get a feel for its sensitivity and range. This will help you become more efficient and accurate in pinpointing targets.
*Combine with Other Tools: Use your pinpointer in conjunction with other tools like a handheld shovel or trowel. This combination allows for quick and efficient target recovery.
Adjust the sensitivity and discrimination settings for optimal performance.
One of the key factors in successful metal detecting is understanding and using the proper settings on your metal detector. Adjusting the sensitivity and discrimination settings correctly can significantly enhance your detector’s performance, helping you find more valuable targets and reducing the number of false signals. Here’s a deeper look into why these settings matter and how to adjust them for optimal performance.
Why Proper Settings Matter
*Target Identification: Proper settings help your metal detector accurately identify different types of metal. This can save you time by reducing the number of times you dig up junk items like bottle caps and aluminum foil.
*Depth Detection: Sensitivity settings influence how deep your detector can scan. Higher sensitivity can detect deeper targets, but it can also lead to more false signals if not balanced correctly.
*Soil Conditions: Different soil types and mineral content can affect your detector’s performance. Adjusting settings can help mitigate the effects of mineralized soil, reducing noise and increasing accuracy.
*Environmental Adaptation: By tweaking your settings, you can adapt to different environments, whether you’re detecting in a park, on a beach, or in highly mineralized ground, ensuring optimal performance in each scenario.
Sensitivity Settings
Sensitivity determines how deeply your metal detector can penetrate the ground and detect objects. Here’s how to adjust it effectively:
*Start Low, Then Increase: Begin with a lower sensitivity setting to minimize interference and false signals. Gradually increase the sensitivity until you find a balance where the detector is responsive but not overly noisy.
*Adapt to the Environment: In areas with a lot of junk or high mineral content, lower sensitivity may help reduce false signals. In cleaner areas, higher sensitivity can help you find deeper targets.
*Monitor Stability: Adjust the sensitivity until you achieve a stable threshold—if your detector runs a threshold—a steady hum or slight chatter without excessive false signals. If your machine runs silent, set the sensitivity to avoid excessive chatter. Too high sensitivity can make the detector unstable, while too low can reduce its depth capabilities.
Discrimination Settings
Discrimination allows your metal detector to differentiate between various types of metals. Proper use of discrimination settings helps you focus on valuable targets and avoid digging junk. Here’s how to use it:
*Understand the Scale: Most detectors have a discrimination scale that ranges from low to high. Low discrimination allows the detector to pick up all metals, while high discrimination filters out less desirable metals like iron.
*Adjust for Your Target: If you’re searching for specific items like coins or jewelry, adjust the discrimination to ignore common junk metals. For relic hunting, you might want lower discrimination to detect a wider range of metal objects.
*Test Your Settings: Use known targets to test your discrimination settings. Bury a variety of metal objects and see how your detector responds. Adjust the settings to accurately identify the items you are interested in finding.
Ground Balancing
Ground balancing adjusts your detector to account for the mineral content in the soil, reducing false signals and improving detection accuracy. Here’s how to handle ground balancing:
*Automatic Ground Balance: Many modern detectors have an automatic ground balance feature. Use this function in areas where soil conditions change frequently to let the detector automatically adjust.
*Manual Ground Balance: For detectors with manual ground balance, start by setting the detector to the factory default. Adjust the balance until the detector produces a stable signal. This might require a bit of practice and fine-tuning based on the soil conditions.
*Monitor Changes: Be aware that soil conditions can change within a single detecting session. Regularly check and adjust the ground balance as needed, especially if you move to a new area with different soil types.
Pinpointing and Depth Indication
Using the proper settings also includes understanding and effectively using features like pinpointing and depth indication:
*Pinpointing Mode: Many detectors have a pinpointing mode that helps you locate the exact position of a target. Use this mode to narrow down the area where you need to dig, reducing the amount of unnecessary digging.
*Depth Indication: Use the depth indication feature to estimate how deep the target is buried. This can help you decide whether the target is worth digging for, especially in hard or rocky soil. Bear in mind that depth is typically calibrated on coin size objects, so targets smaller or larger than coins will give false depth readings.
Practice and Experience
The best way to master your detector’s settings is through practice and experience. Spend time experimenting with different settings in various environments. Keep notes on what works best in different conditions and learn from each detecting session. Over time, you’ll develop an intuitive sense of how to adjust your detector for optimal performance.
Read the manual and practice to understand its functions.
Metal detecting is not just about having the right equipment; it’s about knowing how to use it effectively. One of the most crucial steps to becoming a successful detectorist is to learn your detector. This means thoroughly reading the manual and practicing regularly to understand all its functions. Here’s why this is important and how to go about it:
Why Learning Your Detector Matters
*Maximize Performance: Understanding your detector’s capabilities and settings allows you to maximize its performance. Every detector has different features, such as sensitivity, discrimination, ground balancing, and pinpointing. Knowing how to adjust these settings can help you tailor the detector to different environments and target types, increasing your chances of finding valuable items.
*Reduce Frustration: Metal detectors can produce a lot of signals, and it can be frustrating to dig up junk repeatedly. By learning how to properly use your detector, you can interpret the signals more accurately and reduce the number of false signals. This makes your detecting experience more enjoyable and productive.
*Protect Your Equipment: Proper use of your detector can extend its lifespan. Understanding maintenance procedures and how to handle the device correctly helps prevent damage and ensures your detector remains in good working condition for years.
Steps to Learning Your Detector
*Read the Manual Thoroughly. (You also may be able to obtain an independent guide on your detector, such as: The Minelab Equinox 600 800 Metal Detector Hand Book by Andy Sabisch:
—Initial Setup: Start by reading the section on the initial setup. This will guide you through assembling your detector correctly and performing any necessary calibrations or tasks like installing batteries.
—Function Descriptions: Pay close attention to the descriptions of each function and setting. Learn what each button does and how to navigate through the menu options.
—Troubleshooting: Familiarize yourself with the troubleshooting section. Knowing how to handle common issues, such as false signals or erratic behavior, can save you time and frustration in the field.
*Watch Tutorials and Read Reviews
—Online Videos: There are numerous online tutorials and reviews for almost every metal detector model. Watching these can provide visual guidance and tips from experienced users.
—User Forums: Join metal detecting forums and groups where you can ask questions and share experiences with other detectorists. These communities can offer valuable insights and advice.
*Practice in a Controlled Environment
—Test Garden: Create a test garden in your backyard by burying various metal objects at different depths. Practice detecting these objects to understand how your detector responds to different types of metals and depths.
—Sensitivity and Discrimination: Experiment with the sensitivity and discrimination settings in your test garden. Notice how changing these settings affects the detector’s ability to find certain objects and filter out junk.
*Field Practice
—Start Simple: Begin with easy locations like parks or beaches where targets are typically shallow and easy to dig. This will help you get a feel for your detector’s signals in a real-world environment.
—Log Your Finds: Keep a log of your finds and the settings you used. This can help you identify patterns and fine-tune your detector’s settings for different environments and target types.
*Learn to Interpret Signals
—Tone Variations: Most detectors produce different tones for different types of metals. Spend time learning these variations and what they indicate about the potential target.
—Visual Display: If your detector has a visual display, learn to read and interpret the information it provides. This might include target ID numbers, depth indicators, and graphical representations of the signal strength and type.
*Understand Ground Balancing
—Manual and Automatic: Learn the difference between manual and automatic ground balancing. Practice both methods to understand how they affect the detector’s performance in different soil conditions.
—Adjust Accordingly: Adjust the ground balance when moving to different areas or when the soil conditions change significantly. Proper ground balancing reduces false signals and improves target detection.
*Maintain Your Detector
—Regular Cleaning: Keep your detector clean, especially after using it in muddy or sandy environments. Follow the manual’s instructions for cleaning and maintenance.
—Battery Care: Monitor battery levels and replace or recharge them as needed. Learn how to store your detector properly to avoid damage to the electronics and coils.
Invest in a good metal detector suitable for your needs
Metal detecting is an engaging hobby that can lead to fascinating discoveries, but the success of your searches heavily relies on the quality of your equipment. Investing in a good metal detector that is suitable for your specific needs is crucial for an enjoyable and productive metal detecting experience. Here’s why using quality equipment matters and how to choose the right metal detector for you.
Why Quality Equipment Matters
*Accuracy and Sensitivity: High-quality metal detectors are designed to be more accurate and sensitive than cheaper models. They can distinguish between different types of metals and detect smaller objects buried deeper in the ground. This means you’re more likely to find valuable items rather than just junk.
*Durability: Quality metal detectors are built to last. They are made from robust materials that can withstand the rigors of outdoor use, including exposure to dirt, moisture, and varying temperatures. Investing in durable equipment ensures that your detector will serve you well for many years.
*Advanced Features: High-end metal detectors often come with advanced features such as discrimination settings, ground balancing, and multiple search modes. These features allow you to customize your search parameters, filter out unwanted signals, and adapt to different terrains and conditions, increasing your chances of finding interesting artefacts.
*User Experience: Quality metal detectors are designed with user comfort and ease of use in mind. They typically have ergonomic designs, adjustable shafts, and intuitive controls, making them more comfortable to use for extended periods and easier to operate, even for beginners.
Choosing the Right Metal Detector
When selecting a metal detector, consider the following factors to ensure you choose a model that best suits your needs:
*Type of Detecting: Different metal detectors are designed for different types of detecting. Decide what you are most interested in—whether it’s coin shooting, relic hunting, beach detecting, or gold prospecting. Each activity may require a specific type of detector with features tailored to that environment.
*Frequency: Metal detectors operate at different frequencies, which affect their sensitivity to various types of metals. Lower frequencies are better for detecting larger, deeper objects like relics, while higher frequencies are more sensitive to smaller objects, such as coins and jewelry. Some advanced detectors offer multiple frequencies or selectable frequencies for versatility.
*Discrimination and Notch Settings: Discrimination allows the detector to distinguish between different types of metals and ignore certain signals, such as iron, to reduce junk finds. Notch settings enable more precise discrimination, letting you target specific metals. Discrimination is desirable for efficient detecting; a notch facility can be useful.
*Ground Balancing: Ground balancing is essential for reducing false signals caused by mineralized soil. Detectors with automatic or manual ground balancing can adjust to different soil conditions, providing more accurate results. This feature is particularly important if you plan to detect in areas with high mineral content, such as beaches or goldfields.
*Budget: Determine your budget and look for the best metal detector you can afford within that range. While higher-end models offer more features and better performance, there are also many mid-range detectors that provide excellent value for money. Consider reading reviews and seeking recommendations from experienced detectorists to find a reliable model within your budget. You can always consider a used model to keep costs down.
*Brand Reputation: Opt for well-known and reputable brands in the metal detecting community. Brands like Garrett, Minelab, Fisher, and XP have a proven track record of producing high-quality detectors and providing good customer support. Trusted brands often have better resale value, which is a plus if you decide to upgrade later.
Additional Equipment and Accessories
In addition to a quality metal detector, investing in some essential accessories can enhance your detecting experience:
*Headphones: Using headphones helps you hear faint signals more clearly and reduces background noise. Many metal detectors come with a headphone jack, and some even have wireless options.
*Digging Tools: A sturdy digging tool, such as a foot assisted trowel or small pointed spade, is necessary for retrieving your finds. Look for tools made from durable materials that can handle different types of soil.
*Pinpointer: A pinpointer is a handheld device that helps you locate the exact position of a target once you have dug a hole. This tool saves time and reduces the risk of damaging your find during excavation.
*Carry Bag: A carry bag or backpack designed for metal detecting makes it easier to transport your detector and accessories to your detecting site. It also provides protection for your equipment when not in use.
*Protective Gear: Wearing gloves can protect your hands from sharp objects and dirty conditions, while kneepads can provide comfort and protection when digging.
Get insights and tips from experienced detectorists.
Joining a metal detecting club is an excellent way to enhance your skills, gain valuable insights, and become part of a community of like-minded enthusiasts. Here’s why joining a club is beneficial and how you can make the most of this opportunity.
Why Joining a Metal Detecting Club Matters
*Learn from Experts: Clubs often have experienced members who are willing to share their knowledge, tips, and techniques.
*Access to Resources: Many clubs provide access to resources such as historical maps, research materials, and specialized equipment.
*Networking Opportunities: Being part of a club allows you to connect with other detectorists, build relationships, and share experiences.
*Organized Events: Clubs frequently organize group hunts, competitions, and events, giving you more opportunities to detect in different locations.
*Support and Encouragement: Membership provides a supportive environment where you can seek advice, share your finds, and celebrate successes together.
*Educational Workshops: Clubs often host workshops and training sessions on various aspects of metal detecting, from equipment use to target recovery.
How to Find and Join a Metal Detecting Club
*Search Online: Use search engines and social media platforms to find metal detecting clubs in your area.
*Google Search: Type in “metal detecting clubs near me” or “metal detecting clubs [your location]” to find local clubs.
*Facebook Groups: Join Facebook groups related to metal detecting, where you can find information about clubs and events.
*Libraries usually have lists of local clubs.
*Visit Local Detector Shops: Speak with the staff at local metal detecting or hobby shops. They often have information about local clubs and may even sponsor or host club meetings.
*Attend Metal Detecting Events: Participate in metal detecting rallies, competitions, and shows, where you can meet club members and learn about different clubs.
*Check Online Directories: Some websites maintain directories of metal detecting clubs, making it easier to find one that suits your interests. USA websites like the Federation of Metal Detector and Archaeological Clubs (FMDAC), the UK National Council for Metal Detecting (NCMD) and the Association for Metal Detecting Sport (AMDS) provide lists of affiliated clubs.
*Ask Other Detectorists: If you meet other metal detectorists, ask if they belong to a club and if they can recommend one.
Making the Most of Your Club Membership
*Attend Meetings Regularly: Make an effort to attend club meetings and events regularly. This will help you stay informed, meet new people, and learn from guest speakers and presentations.
*Participate in Group Hunts: Join group hunts organized by the club. These events are excellent opportunities to detect in new locations, learn from others, and potentially find interesting and valuable items.
*Contribute to the Club: Share your knowledge, experiences, and finds with the club. Offer to help organize events or participate in club activities. Being an active member can enhance your experience and build stronger connections with fellow detectorists.
*Take Advantage of Workshops: Attend workshops and training sessions offered by the club. These can cover a wide range of topics, from using advanced equipment settings to proper digging techniques and artifact preservation.
*Network and Socialize: Build relationships with other members. Networking can lead to valuable partnerships, access to private lands, and collaborative research opportunities.
*Learn from Experienced Members: Seek advice and mentorship from more experienced detectorists in the club. Their insights can help you improve your skills and avoid common mistakes.
*Share Your Finds: Bring your finds to club meetings for displays and competitions. Sharing your discoveries can lead to discussions about their historical context and value.
*Stay Informed: Keep up with club newsletters, emails, and social media updates to stay informed about upcoming events, news, and opportunities.
Conclusion
Joining a metal detecting club offers numerous benefits, from learning new techniques to gaining access to exclusive detecting sites. By actively participating in club activities, networking with other members, and taking advantage of educational resources, you can significantly enhance your metal detecting skills and overall experience. Being part of a community also adds a social and supportive dimension to your hobby, making it even more enjoyable and rewarding.
Gather information from local residents about old landmarks and historical events.
One of the most effective yet often overlooked strategies in metal detecting is talking to local residents. Local knowledge can provide invaluable insights into old landmarks, historical events, and potential treasure sites that might not be documented in maps or historical records. Here’s why engaging with locals is important and how to do it effectively.
Why Talking to Locals Matters
*Uncover Hidden Information: Local residents often have knowledge about the area that isn’t recorded in official documents. This includes personal stories, family histories, and oral traditions that can point you to promising detecting sites.
*Identify Forgotten Sites: Many significant locations, such as old dwellings, picnic spots, and gathering places, may not be on any map but are remembered by longtime residents.
*Gain Access to Private Property: Building relationships with locals can lead to gaining permission to detect on private lands that have not been searched before, expanding your detecting opportunities.
*Learn About Local Laws and Customs: Residents can inform you about specific local regulations, customs, or unwritten rules that might affect your metal detecting activities.
*Enhance Your Finds: Information from locals can help you target areas with a higher likelihood of valuable finds, improving the quality of your detecting efforts.
How to Effectively Engage with Locals
*Be Respectful and Polite
*Introduce Yourself: Clearly state who you are and your purpose for asking questions about the local history. Explain your interest in metal detecting, and ask if they have any stories or information to share.
*Show Genuine Interest: Express genuine interest in their stories and experiences. People are more likely to share information if they feel their knowledge is valued.
*Ask Open-Ended Questions: Encourage detailed responses by asking open-ended questions about the area’s history. Examples:
“Do you know of any old landmarks or buildings that used to be around here?”
“Have you heard any stories about historical events or significant activities in this area?”
“Are there any places you remember from your childhood where lots of children played?”
*Visit Local Gathering Spots: Spend time at local gathering spots such as community centers, coffee shops, and libraries where residents congregate.
*Community Events: Attend local community events, fairs, and festivals to meet people and gather information.
*Public Meetings: Participate in public meetings or historical society gatherings to connect with knowledgeable residents.
*Engage with Local Historians: Reach out to local historians, librarians, and members of historical societies who often have extensive knowledge about the area.
*Historical Societies: Contact local historical societies, as they often have members who are well-versed in the area’s history and can provide valuable insights.
*Local Libraries: Visit local libraries and speak with librarians who can guide you to relevant historical resources and contacts.
*Leverage Social Media: Use social media platforms and local online forums to connect with residents and ask for information.
*Community Groups: Join community groups on Facebook or local forums where residents discuss the history and events of the area.
*Post Requests: Post respectful requests for information, specifying the type of historical knowledge you’re seeking.
*Record and Verify Information: Keep detailed notes of the information you gather from locals and verify it through other sources whenever possible.
*Documentation: Document the names, dates, and details of the stories and information provided by residents.
*Cross-Reference: Cross-reference the information with historical maps, documents, and other resources to ensure accuracy.
*Offer to Share Finds: Build goodwill by offering to share your finds with the landowners or the local community.
*Show Appreciation: Show appreciation for the information and access provided by locals by sharing interesting finds or offering to donate significant artefacts to local museums or historical societies.
*Respect Privacy and Property: Always respect the privacy and property of the residents you engage with.
*Seek Permission: Always seek permission before detecting on private property and adhere to any guidelines or restrictions set by the property owner.
*Be Courteous: Be courteous and thank residents for their time and information, regardless of whether you gain new leads.
Conclusion
Talking to locals is a valuable strategy for uncovering hidden treasure sites and gaining unique insights into the history of an area. By engaging with residents respectfully and thoughtfully, you can tap into a wealth of local knowledge that enhances your metal detecting experience. Remember, building good relationships with the community not only opens up new detecting opportunities but also helps preserve and appreciate the local heritage.
Study maps and historical documents to identify potential treasure sites.
Understanding the historical context of the area you plan to search is crucial for successful metal detecting. By studying maps and historical documents, you can identify potentially productive sites and increase your chances of finding interesting and valuable artefacts. Here’s why this is important and how to do it effectively.
Why Understanding Historical Context Matters
*Identify Potential Sites: Historical maps and documents can reveal locations of old settlements, battlefields, trading routes, and other places where people lived, worked, congregated and traveled. These areas are often rich in lost or buried items.
*Uncover Hidden Clues: Many potential treasure sites are hidden from plain view today. Understanding the history of an area can provide clues about where people might have congregated or where significant events took place.
*Increase Finds Quality: By focusing on historically rich areas, you increase your chances of finding valuable and significant items rather than modern junk.
*Respect Heritage: Understanding the historical context also helps you respect and preserve local heritage, as you’ll be more aware of the cultural and historical significance of the items you find.
How to Study Historical Context
*Collect Historical Maps: Obtain old maps of the area you plan to detect. These can show historical landmarks, buildings, roads, and other features that no longer exist but were once significant.
*Local Libraries and Archives: Visit local libraries, historical societies, and archives to access historical maps and documents.
*Compare Maps: Compare old maps with modern ones to identify changes in the landscape and pinpoint potential sites that may have been forgotten over time.
*Study Historical Documents: Read historical documents, such as old newspapers, diaries, letters, and official records, to gather information about historical events and everyday life.
*Local Histories: Look for books and articles on the local history of the area. These can provide context and details about significant locations and events.
*Genealogical Records: Family histories and genealogical records can offer insights into where ancestors lived and worked, leading to potential detecting sites.
*Historical Societies: Engage with local historical societies, as they often have archives of documents and knowledgeable members who can provide valuable insights.
*Identify Key Features: Focus on identifying key historical features that are likely to yield finds.
*Old Dwellings and Settlements: Look for locations of old dwellings, villages, and settlements. These areas are often rich in artefacts and coins.
*Roads and Paths: Old roads, paths, tracks and trails were commonly used routes where people might have lost items.
*Water Sources: Rivers, creeks, and wells were vital for communities and are often good places to search for lost items.
*Public Gathering Places: Identify old schools, churches, markets, fairgrounds, and parks where people gathered and possibly lost items.
*Battlefields and Campsites: Locations of historical battles and military camps can be rich in military artefacts but be aware that many known battle sites will be protected.
*Use Technology: Modern technology can help you overlay historical maps onto current maps, making it easier to locate old sites.
*GIS Software: Geographic Information System (GIS) software can help you analyze and overlay historical maps with modern ones.
*Google Earth: Use Google Earth to compare historical maps with current satellite imagery to identify changes in the landscape.
*Field Verification: Once you have identified potential sites through maps and documents, visit the locations to verify their potential.
*Site Inspection: Walk the area to look for any visible signs of historical activity, such as old foundations, pottery sherds, or changes in vegetation.
*Talk to Locals: Engage with local residents who may have stories or additional information about the history of the area.
Ensure metal detecting is allowed and get necessary permits.
Metal detecting is a popular hobby that combines the thrill of treasure hunting with the joy of exploring the outdoors. However, before you start swinging your detector, it’s crucial to check local laws to ensure that metal detecting is allowed in the area and to obtain any necessary permits. Understanding and complying with legal requirements is essential for responsible and lawful metal detecting. Here’s how to navigate the legal landscape of this exciting pastime:
Understanding the Importance of Legal Compliance
Metal detecting laws are in place to protect historical sites, preserve artefacts, and ensure that detecting activities do not cause damage to public or private property. Ignoring these laws can result in fines, confiscation of equipment, or even criminal charges. By familiarizing yourself with local regulations, you can enjoy your hobby while respecting the law and contributing positively to the community.
Treasure Law
Regrettably there is no international law on metal detecting finds and the laws differ from country to country and even from State to State in the USA. Given below are a number of simplified legal definitions that could apply to metal detecting finds, together with the popular court ruling on finds made under each category. However, before you spend a lot of time and money on the hunt, you would be wise to ascertain local law on finds. It would also be prudent to have an agreement, preferably in writing, with the landowner or site owner, on the distribution of finds. It is usual to split finds, awards and rewards 50/50 between finder and landowner.
*Lost property, which has been involuntarily parted from its owner, belongs to the owner or their heirs and if they cannot be traced, title goes to the finder. You are legally obliged to take reasonable steps to return lost property to its owner. In the case of loose change it is highly unlikely you will find an owner, so that is yours to keep. Recently a woman received a fine and a criminal record for theft because she found and kept a £20 note on the floor of a shop. If you find a large sum of money or a piece of jewelry, for example, you could report it to the local police, if lost property is in their remit, or take suitable action to find the owner such as advertising in a local newspaper or on social media. The police generally disclaim lost property after one month. Although recently, as the police do not have a statutory duty to deal with lost property, some forces are no longer accepting lost property so, as long as you can show you have made reasonable attempts to trace the owner, it is yours to keep unless it may be evidence of a crime, is dangerous, illegal (e.g. an offensive weapon) or contains personal information. Reasonable steps to trace the owner nowadays usually involves social media such as neighbourhood groups and providing you do that and wait a month or so, the find is technically yours. Bear in mind that the owner retains all rights to their property, so if he or she turns up later then they can still legally demand its return or all proceeds if the item has been sold. The owner may offer you a reward for returning their property but is under no obligation to do so and you would be committing an offence if you refuse to hand the property back unless a reward is paid. The joy expressed when you hand back lost jewelry is reward enough in itself. In Britain, if you find paper money which is unfit for circulation, the Bank of England will usually be able to replace it. Take any banknotes to your local bank in the first instance for advice.
*Mislaid property, where the owner puts the object down and forgets about it, reverts to the site owner, if not claimed by the owner.
*Abandoned property, which is simply thrown away, goes to the finder.
*Embedded property refers to buried artefacts or even natural minerals, which fall outside the definition of treasure trove. Court rulings for such finds will generally be the same as for treasure trove.
*Archaeological objects or portable antiquities may cover excavated objects as recent as 50 years old in some countries and states, which have to be reported to museum authorities or similar. A reward is often paid but check local laws. Export licences may be required (e.g. European Economic Community) before such objects can be removed from the country.
*Treasure trove, defined as objects made substantially of gold, silver and their alloys (plus paper money) hidden or concealed for several decades, with the intention of recovery, where the owners or heirs cannot be traced. Treasure trove finds on private land normally go to the finder, providing the finder wasn’t trespassing but in the UK, Treasure is normally shared equally between landowner and finder. If the finder was trespassing then finds go to the landowner or site owner. Finds on government land go to the government unless there is a prior agreement in place.
*Wreck, being an abandoned vessel, or something abandoned off a vessel, which is afloat, stranded, aground or sunken. The salvor is normally entitled to a reward related to the value of the find
Research Local Regulations
The first step in ensuring legal compliance is to research the laws and regulations governing metal detecting in your area. This includes national/federal, regional/state, and local regulations or bylaws:
UNITED KINGDOM
In the UK, several national laws and regulations relate to metal detecting to protect historical artefacts and the environment. Bear in mind the UK is a group of countries (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) and dependencies (Man and the Channel Islands) and while similar, these laws are not universal. Here are the key laws and regulations:
**Treasure Act 1996**
*Applies to England, Northern Ireland and Wales
*Definition of Treasure: Items that qualify as treasure include gold and silver objects over 300 years old, groups of coins (2 precious—metal; 10 base—metal), and prehistoric metal objects.
*Obligations: Finders must report potential treasure to the local Finds Liaison Officer (FLO) or coroner or museum within 14 days.
*Rewards: If declared treasure, the finder and landowner may receive a reward based on the item’s value. If disclaimed the item(s) is returned.
*In Scotland, all ownerless objects belong to the Crown. They must be reported regardless of where they were found or of what they are made. The finder receives market value as long as no laws have been broken. Not all finds will be claimed. Further information from: Treasure Trove Unit, National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1JF.
**The Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS)**
*Voluntary Reporting: Encourages detectorists to report all finds of archaeological interest to the local Finds Liaison Officer (FLO). Reported finds are recorded on a public database, contributing to the understanding of the UK’s historical and archaeological record. It is necessary to record find spots to at least a six-figure map reference (100 square metres) but these are reduced to four-figures (1 square kilometre) for public viewing.
**Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979**
*Protection of Scheduled Monuments: It is illegal to use a metal detector on a scheduled monument site or to remove objects without permission.
**Protection of Wrecks Act 1973**
*Protected Wreck Sites: Metal detecting on designated wreck sites requires a license from the Secretary of State. Licenses can be obtained through Historic England, Cadw in Wales, or the relevant authority in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
**The National Heritage Act 1983**
*Historic England**: Provides protection and conservation of historical sites, buildings, and monuments and offers guidelines on responsible metal detecting practices.
**The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (CROW Act)**
*Access to Land: Regulates public access to land, including areas where metal detecting may be restricted or require permission.
*Public Rights of Way: Detecting for surface finds is permitted on public rights of way but any digging requires landowner consent.
**Local Bylaws and Regulations**
*Council Regulations: Local councils may have specific bylaws regarding metal detecting in public parks and beaches. Detectorists should check with local authorities for any additional restrictions or requirements.
UNITED STATES
*National/Federal Laws: In the United States, federal laws such as the Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) and the Antiquities Act of 1906 protect archaeological sites on federal land. Metal detecting is typically prohibited on national parks, monuments, and other protected federal lands without special permission.
*State Laws: Each state has its own regulations regarding metal detecting. State parks, historic sites, and other state-managed lands often have specific rules. Some states may require permits, while others may have designated areas where metal detecting is allowed or prohibited.
*Local Ordinances*: Counties, cities, and towns may have their own ordinances regulating metal detecting on public property. Local parks, beaches, and public spaces often have rules that you need to follow. Checking with local authorities or park departments can provide clarity on what is permitted. More info here:
In many areas, you will need to obtain a permit before you can legally use a metal detector. Permits help manage the activity and ensure that it does not interfere with other land uses or conservation efforts. Here’s how to go about getting a permit:
*Identify the Governing Body: Determine which agency or department is responsible for issuing metal detecting permits in the area you plan to search. This could be a state park service, local municipality, or other relevant authority.
*Application Process: Contact the governing body to learn about the permit application process. This often involves filling out a form, paying a fee, and agreeing to specific terms and conditions.
*Adhere to Permit Conditions: Once you have a permit, make sure you fully understand and comply with its conditions. This may include restrictions on digging methods, areas where detecting is allowed, reporting any significant finds, and ensuring minimal environmental impact.
Respect Private Property
In addition to public lands, it’s important to respect private property rights. Never metal detect on private land without the landowner’s explicit permission. Here are some tips for gaining access to private property:
*Seek Permission: Politely ask the property owner for permission to detect on their land. Have a good reason for wanting to detect on the land. Explain WHY YOU WANT TO DETECT THERE, your hobby, the care you take in digging, and your willingness to share any significant finds.
*Written Agreement: Consider getting permission in writing to avoid any misunderstandings. A written agreement can outline the terms of your access, any finds-sharing arrangements, and liability considerations.
*Respect Boundaries: Clearly understand the boundaries of the property you have permission to search. Avoid encroaching on neighboring lands without their consent.
Be Mindful of Sensitive Sites
Certain sites are inherently sensitive and should be avoided unless you have specific authorization. These include:
*Historic and Archaeological Sites: Sites with historical or archaeological significance are often protected by law. Avoid metal detecting in these areas to preserve cultural heritage.
*Cemeteries and Burial Grounds: These areas are considered sacred and should be respected. Metal detecting in cemeteries is generally prohibited and deeply inappropriate.
*Protected Natural Areas: Some natural areas are protected to preserve wildlife and ecosystems. Respect restrictions in these areas to avoid harming the environment.
Learn the history of the area to find promising spots.
Metal detecting can be an exciting and rewarding hobby, offering the chance to uncover hidden treasures from the past. However, success in metal detecting is not just about having the right equipment and techniques. One of the most crucial steps in this pursuit is researching locations. By learning the history of an area, you can identify promising spots that are likely to yield interesting finds. Here’s how to effectively research locations to enhance your metal detecting adventures.
Why Researching Locations Matters
If you habitually search where nothing much happened in the past, then expect your finds bag to contain nothing much.
Utilize Historical Maps
Historical maps are invaluable resources for metal detecting. They can reveal old roads, buildings, and settlements that no longer exist today. By comparing historical maps with current ones, you can pinpoint areas where people once lived, worked, played and travelled. These locations are often rich with artefacts waiting to be discovered.
Consult Local Histories and Records
Local histories and records can provide detailed insights into an area’s past. Libraries, historical societies, and archives often hold a wealth of information, including books, documents, and photographs. Look for records of old dwellings, schools, churches, and battle sites. These places were often hubs of activity and are likely spots for finding artefacts.
Talk to Local Residents
Engaging with local residents can be surprisingly beneficial. Long-time inhabitants often have a wealth of knowledge about their area’s history and can point you to sites that might not be documented in official records. They may know of old family stories, abandoned sites, or local legends that could lead to a fruitful metal detecting location.
Online Research
The internet is a powerful tool for researching potential metal detecting sites. There are numerous websites, forums, and databases dedicated to metal detecting and local history. Websites like ARCHI https://www.archiuk.com/ in the UK provide records of finds that can help you identify hotspots. Additionally, social media groups and forums can connect you with other detectorists who might share useful tips and locations.
Look for Signs of Old Activity
When you’re out in the field, keep an eye out for signs of historical activity. These can include old foundations, wells, paths, and unusual land formations that might indicate previous human habitation. Overgrown areas, depressions in the ground, and clusters of older trees can also be indicators of past settlements.
Check Public Records for Permitted Areas
Before you start detecting, ensure you have permission to be on the land. Public records can help you determine which areas are publicly accessible and which are privately owned. Some public lands, such as parks and beaches, might have specific regulations regarding metal detecting. Always check local laws and obtain necessary permits to avoid legal issues.
Special Events and Historical Landmarks
Areas where special historical events occurred, such as battlefields, fairs, and significant gatherings, are often rich in artefacts. Historical landmarks and sites recognized for their historical importance can be excellent places to explore, provided that detecting is allowed.
Seasonal Changes
Consider how seasonal changes might affect your metal detecting. Some sites are more accessible or revealing during certain times of the year. For example, fields that are ploughed in the spring or autumn might turn up artefacts that were previously buried deeper in the soil. Similarly, water levels in rivers and lakes can vary, exposing areas that are usually submerged.
Document Your Finds
As you uncover artefacts, keep detailed records of where and when you found them. This can help you build a better understanding of the site and guide future detecting trips. Sharing your finds with local historical societies and the Portable Antiquities Scheme in the UK can also contribute to the community’s knowledge of the area’s history.
Recommended Reading
SITE RESEARCH FOR DETECTORISTS, FIELDWALKERS & ARCHAEOLOGISTS.
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